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Abstract

<jats:p>В статье анализируются взгляды людей XVII в. на историю как на одну из сфер знания, не вошедших в список «семи свободных художеств». Проводится сравнительный анализ средневековых представлений об истории и определений истории как отдельной «науки» в трудах Николая Спафария и других авторов второй половины XVII в. Особое внимание уделено понятиям «вечного» и «мимоидущего» («мимотекущего») времени. Меняется оценка античной истории, воспринимаемой ранее в Средневековье как «внешняя мудрость» и имевшая тогда в России отрицательные характеристики. Теоцентрический взгляд на историю сменяется антропоцентрическим. Тезис «угождение Богу в простоте» заменяется тезисом Аристотеля о заложенном в естестве человеке стремлении к познанию мира и его реальной истории.</jats:p> <jats:p>The article analyzes the views of 17th-century people on history as one of the scientific disciplines that were not included in the list of the "seven liberal arts". A comparative analysis of medieval ideas about history and definitions of history as a separate science is conducted in the works of Nikolai Spafari and other educated authors of the second half of the 17th century. Special attention is paid to the concepts of "eternal" and "passing" time. The assessment of ancient history, which was previously perceived in the Middle Ages as “external wisdom” and had negative characteristics in Russia at that time, is changing. The theocentric view of history is being replaced by an anthropocentric one. The thesis of “pleasing God in simplicity” is being replaced by Aristotle’s thesis about the inherent human desire to understand the world and its real history.</jats:p> <jats:p>history as a new "science", eternal and "fleeting" time, transition from the Middle Ages to the Modern Age, paradigm shift, and justification of ancient history.</jats:p>

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history истории на как time

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