Abstract
<title>Abstract</title> <p> To analyze the latent classes of social isolation in patients with heart failure, explore the influencing factors across different classes, and examine the cumulative effect of risk factors. A convenience sampling method was adopted to recruit hospitalized patients with heart failure from the cardiology departments of three tertiary hospitals in Henan Province between March and April 2026. All participants completed a set of questionnaires, including the general information questionnaire, Social Avoidance Scale, Social Anxiety Subscale of the Self-Consciousness Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale, Sense of Coherence Scale-13, Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales, and Social Support Rating Scale.A total of 340 questionnaires were distributed, and 317 valid questionnaires were collected. Social isolation of heart failure patients was classified into three latent profiles: the low isolation group (10.2%), the moderate isolation-high social avoidance group (42.1%), and the high isolation-high anxiety and loneliness group (47.7%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that employment status, sense of coherence, family closeness and social support were significant influencing factors for the latent profiles. Furthermore, sense of coherence, family closeness and social support exerted significant cumulative effects across different subgroups ( <italic>P</italic> < 0.05).Significant heterogeneity in social isolation exists among patients with heart failure. Medical staff should recognize the characteristic differences of different subgroups. </p>