Abstract
<title>Abstract</title> <p>Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) are common pelvic floor disorders, affecting nearly half of adult women. Although various factors contribute to these conditions, they often coexist, complicating diagnosis and treatment. The aim of the study was to identify modifiable risk factors could improve prevention strategies and treatment planning. This retrospective pilot study was carried out among 398 women who underwent surgical treatment for either POP (n = 225) or SUI (n = 173) at the Gynecology Clinic of Heliodor Święcicki Clinical Hospital in Poznań. Participants were assigned to groups based on clinical and imaging examination results. The following variables were analysed: age, body mass index (BMI), obstetric history (term births, preterm births, and miscarriages) and smoking status. A statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.05). The study found no statistically significant correlations between miscarriages or preterm births and the occurrence of POP or SUI. However, multiparity was identified as a risk factor for both conditions, particularly following term births. While a high BMI was prevalent in both groups, there was a non-significant trend indicating that SUI was more frequent among overweight or obese women. Increased smoking rates were observed in both groups, though the differences were not statistically significant. Multiparity and high BMI are significant risk factors for POP and SUI. In contrast, miscarriages, preterm births and smoking did not show significant relationships. Future studies should include larger populations and consider additional influencing factors.</p>