Abstract
<title>Abstract</title> <p> <bold>Background:</bold> More than 500 million people worldwide have Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is increasingly associated with male reproductive dysfunction, including impaired spermatogenesis, reduced testosterone production, and infertility. Infertility is known to affect more half all the males with diabetes and has no reliable medication despite the most common pharmacological therapies being able to low the blood glucose. With this crisis being investigated globally the <italic>Ficus</italic> species are a promising dual therapeutic option that is being experimented on, to see how we could improve sperm motility and fertility outcomes. The <bold>objectives</bold> of this systematic review were to identify the mechanisms through which Ficus-derived polyphenols improve glycaemic control and male reproductive outcomes in T2DM. And also, to fine the dose that is most effective for the different <italic>Ficus</italic> species that are extracted to offer the glycemic control and fertility benefit. <bold>The results</bold> synthesized data from 18 studies that were experimental from three continents and the flavonoids especially Quercetin,Hesperidin and Naringenin were the most active found. Also, phenolic acid and coumarins were noted to synergize the fasting blood sugar reduction and improve the sperm parameters, especially Ferulic acid, gallic acid and Ficusin. The glycemic action of these polyphenols was noted to be biphasic and the most efficacious dose being between 100-500mg/ kg in rodents that were most used. <bold>Findings:</bold> The mechanism of actions was mainly the ability to inhibit α glucosidase and α amylase on top of the antioxidant activities that protective to the reproductive system. This aligns previous research on hypoglycemic phytochemicals and fertility having the potential of antioxidant adjuvant therapies. <bold>Conclusion:</bold> Ficus-derived polyphenols demonstrate promising antidiabetic and fertility-enhancing effects in experimental T2DM models. However, evidence remains limited to preclinical studies, and well-designed clinical trials are required before translation into clinical practice. </p>