Abstract
<title>Abstract</title> <p>Purpose To evaluate parents' knowledge and consumption patterns of young child formulas (YCF) and investigate determinants associated with their purchase and use among families with preschool-aged children. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with parents or caregivers of children aged one to under six years. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered online or face-to-face, including demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, knowledge, consumption patterns, and factors associated with YCF purchase. The nutritional composition of consumed formulas and their contribution to daily nutrient intake were also assessed. Results Among 443 participants, cow's milk was the most frequently consumed milk (42.2%), while 30.7% of children consumed YCF, mainly dairy compounds (42.3%). Healthcare professional recommendation was the strongest determinant of YCF purchase (adjusted OR 2.50; 95% CI 1.92–7.16). Approximately one-third of participants considered YCF more beneficial than cow's milk, and these beliefs were associated with maternal education and socioeconomic status. Nearly half reported difficulties purchasing YCF. Nutritional analysis showed that YCF provided high proportions of recommended vitamin C, vitamin A, and iron intake, but low amounts of essential fatty acids. Conclusion Healthcare professional recommendation influenced YCF use despite parental misconceptions. Although YCF contributed to selected micronutrient intake, they should complement rather than replace a balanced diet. Educational strategies for parents and healthcare professionals are needed to promote evidence-based recommendations in early childhood.</p>