Abstract
<title>Abstract</title> <p>Greenspace is widely recognized as a health-supportive urban resource, but evidence linking greenspace to physical activity remains inconsistent because exposure is measured in different ways. We systematically reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2025 and conducted meta-analyses of associations between physical activity and three greenspace-exposure families: satellite-derived greenness, proximity and accessibility. Evidence on greenspace morphology was synthesized narratively. Among 145 eligible studies, higher normalized difference vegetation index was associated with greater odds of physical activity overall (odds ratio (OR) 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–1.26), as was closer greenspace proximity (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07–1.17). Greater accessibility was also positively associated with physical activity overall (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.24–1.58), with variation across activity domains. These findings suggest that vegetation presence, walkable reach, and functional access represent complementary pathways through which greenspace may support active living.</p>