Abstract
<title>Abstract</title> <p>Background The expansion of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has markedly increased life expectancy among people living with HIV (PLWH), resulting in a growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly hypertension (HT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These conditions substantially contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV prevalence remains high. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus and to identify associated risk factors among PLWH receiving HIV care in Kinshasa City, Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among adult PLWH receiving ART in sixteen healthcare facilities in Kinshasa. Sociodemographic, clinical, and biological data were collected. Hypertension and diabetes were defined according to standard diagnostic criteria. Multivariable analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with these conditions. Results The overall prevalence of HT and T2DM was 32.2% (95% CI: 28.6–35.9%) and 13.3% (95% CI: 10.7–16.3%), respectively. Approximately three-quarters of diabetes cases and half hypertension cases were newly diagnosed during the study. There was no significant difference in prevalence between men and women. In multivariable analysis, the odds of hypertension were about twice as high among smokers, diabetics, overweight/obese individuals, and those aged 45 years and older. Diabetes mellitus was about ten times more frequent among PLHIV on second‑line ART compared with those on TDF/3TC/DTG, and about twice as frequent among hypertensive patients and those with a family history of diabetes. Conclusion Hypertension and type 2 diabetes represent an emerging public health challenge among PLWH in Kinshasa. Routine screening and integrated management of cardiometabolic conditions within HIV care programs are essential to reduce morbidity and improve long-term outcomes.</p>