Tetradesmus obliquus- Lagosinema tennis Consortium-mediated Silver Nanoparticles for Evaluation of Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory

<title>Abstract</title> <p> The present work demonstrates an innovative, eco-friendly approach towardsbiosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing the consortium of two different microorganisms <italic>viz. Tetradesmus obliquus</italic> (algae) and <italic>Lagosinema tenuis</italic> (cyanobacterium). The synergistic interaction between these two microorganisms enhances their metabolic efficiency, enabling more effective NPs synthesis than utilizing alone species. This consortium-based approach provides an environmentally friendly, scalable, biocompatible, and economically viable alternative for the biosynthesis of AgNPs with potential applications in biomedical, antimicrobial, and environmental fields. The biosynthesized AgNPs was analysed using various spectroscopic techniques like, XRD, EDS, FTIR, SEM, and TEM, to confirm its development, crystallinity, structure, element identity, particle’s shape and sizes. The XRD pattern indicated the cubic crystal lattice of AgNPs, whereas FTIR spectrum showed strong absorptions for O–H, N–H, and C–O or C–N stretching, due to association of proteins and polysaccharides molecules with biosynthesized NPs. The SEM study reveals nearly monodispersed agglomerated spherical morphology having sizes 50–180 nm, while TEM shows monodispersed spherical shape particles having sizes of 8.70 nm. The fabricated consortium-mediated AgNPs was assessed for antibacterial potential and showed better efficacy, producing the highest inhibition zones of 15 ± 0.15 mm at concentrations of 100 µg/mL against <italic>K. pneumoniae</italic> , whereas consistent zones against <italic>P. aeruginosa</italic> and <italic>S. aureus.</italic> Futhermore, AgNPs exhibits significant of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic potential. These results show the effectiveness of the consortium association of microalgal and cyanobacterial species in producing a cheap, eco-friendly green NPs. </p>