Evaluating and Improving Insulin Injection Technique An Insight from a Cross-Sectional Survey in a Diabetes Tertiary Centre in Najaf, IRAQ

<title>Abstract</title> <p>1.1 Background and Aims: Correct insulin injection technique is one of the most important elements in managing diabetes in patients using insulin vials and traditional needles. Many patients using these needles are unaware of the correct insulin injection techniques, leading to poor blood glucose control. Over time, this can result in numerous complications. The aim of this study was to assess insulin injection knowledge and practices among insulin-treated patients attending a tertiary diabetes center in Najaf, Iraq, identify common injection technique errors, and evaluate areas requiring targeted educational interventions to improve insulin administration and diabetes care. At the same time structured education about correct injection method were implemented. 1.2 Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted at the Diabetes and Endocrinology Centre in Najaf, Iraq, from July 2025 to September 2025. The study included 140 insulin-dependent patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes over 18 years of age who used insulin vials and syringes. Patients’ knowledge of insulin injection practice was assessed through structured questionnaires after obtaining verbal consent. Chi-square test used for data analysis and significant results are at p-value &lt; 0.05. 1.3 Conclusion: Research shows most patients lack knowledge of insulin injection techniques, leading to poor glycemic control and potential complications. Structured, ongoing diabetes education programs are needed.</p>