Abstract
<title>Abstract</title> <p>The intertwined challenges of rising global temperatures and accelerating sea-level rise underscore the urgent need for integrated and sustainable strategies to advance climate adaptation and the global energy transition. This study presents a comprehensive feasibility assessment of hybrid wind–wave energy resources along coastline of the Oman Sea in the Middle Eastern region. The regional wave climate was analyzed using ECMWF ERA5 hindcast data, validated against experimental measurements reported in previous studies. To quantify the temporal distribution and variability of wave energy, a novel Wave Energy Concentration Index (WECI) is introduced, enhancing the accuracy of energy resource evaluation and supporting the development of improved control strategies for hybrid systems. Utilizing three decades of reanalysis data (1995–2024), the study characterizes wave dynamics and identifies four promising candidate sites exhibiting significant hybrid energy potential. These locations, distributed along the southeastern coast of Iran and the eastern coast of Oman, were further analyzed for their seasonal wind and wave variability to assess their suitability for integrated offshore energy development. The findings establish an evidence-based framework for advancing hybrid offshore renewable energy systems in the Middle Eastern maritime domain, contributing to regional energy diversification, sustainability, and climate resilience.</p>