Associations between urinary incontinence and cardio kidney metabolic health in women a scoping review

<title>Abstract</title> <p>Objective Emerging evidence suggests urinary incontinence (UI) has associations with cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic dysfunction (CKM). Mapping these associations may inform novel preventive strategies for CKM. Methods A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE (2000–2025) was performed using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and relevant keywords related to UI and CKM. Studies were included if they involved female participants with UI and reported associations with CKM conditions. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data on study design, population characteristics, and outcomes. Results A total of 52 studies met inclusion criteria. Most studies (n = 37) examined cardiovascular outcomes, with fewer addressing metabolic (n = 17) and renal (n = 4) outcomes; categories were not mutually exclusive. UI was consistently associated with poorer CKM, including higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. No studies reported an association between UI and improved CKM health. Conclusions This scoping review demonstrates that UI is associated with adverse CKM-related outcomes. These findings suggest that UI may represent a novel, clinically accessible marker of systemic health risk in women. Further research is needed to evaluate whether UI may serve as a target for early identification and prevention strategies in CKM health.</p>