Bioclimatic Retrofitting for Energy-Efficient Residential Buildings A Case Study from Kruja, Albania

<title>Abstract</title> <p>This study explores the energy-efficient and sustainable design techniques used in Kruja, Albania's mid-century buildings. The structures are examined in terms of environmental retrofitting; they were initially built with silicate brick retaining walls intended for standardization during the socialist period. Green roofs, shading devices, photovoltaic panel installation and computation, double-skin facades, passive heating and cooling, smart materials, and natural ventilation systems are some of the tactics implemented in the study. In order to improve building performance, reduce energy consumption, and diminish environmental effect, this paper elaborates a concrete example that highlights the necessity of utilizing sustainable materials, energy conservation methods, and new environmental design concepts. During the designing process, the integration of bioclimatic design principles and advanced material improves energy use efficiency, minimizes environmental impact, and assures occupant comfort. The study highlights significant potential in adopting a comprehensive approach to retrofitting that integrates traditional architectural knowledge with technological innovation.</p>