A Retrospective Cohort Study: Neonatal survey of pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy

<title>Abstract</title> <p> <bold>Background</bold> Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection increases risks of adverse outcomes in pregnancy. However, comprehensive data on neonatal health following maternal infection remain limited. <bold>Objectives</bold> To compare maternal complications and neonatal outcomes between SARS-CoV-2-infected and uninfected pregnant women. <bold>Methods</bold> We conducted a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women with and without laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Maternal complications and neonatal physical indicators/diseases were systematically analyzed (significance: p&lt;0.05). <bold>Results</bold> Maternal outcomes: SARS-CoV-2-infected women had significantly higher complication rates vs. uninfected controls (p&lt;0.05). First-trimester infection markedly increased third-trimester preterm birth risk. Neonatal outcomes: No significant differences in basic physical indicators between groups (p&gt;0.05). Term and preterm infants of infected mothers showed elevated incidences of: myocardial enzyme pattern abnormalities, neonatal pneumonia, central atrial septal defect, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal clotting diseases, neonatal respiratory failure (p&lt;0.05). <bold>Conclusions</bold> Maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly increases preterm birth risk and neonatal morbidity. First-trimester exposure may drive late-pregnancy complications. These findings underscore the need for enhanced prenatal surveillance and long-term offspring follow-up. </p>