Abstract
<title>Abstract</title> <p>This study evaluates and compares the extent to which electronic resource sharing enhances academic collaboration in private universities across Ghana, South Africa, and Egypt, with a focus on ICT capacity, governance frameworks, and collaborative practices. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted with 355 respondents from private universities in Ghana, South Africa, and Egypt. Data were collected via structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistics to examine ICT capacity, resource-sharing practices, and academic collaboration. With an average performance score of 54%, South African universities lead the way in ICT infrastructure, whereas Egypt and Ghana have scores of 38% and 27%, respectively. With an average involvement rate of 58%, South Africa once again led the way in collaborative practices, while Egypt and Ghana came in second and third, at 41% and 37%, respectively. In South Africa, formal academic collaborations were more common, including co-authorships (SA: 70%, GH: 50%, EG: 55%) and cooperative research (SA: 75%, GH: 60%, EG: 65%). Compared with Ghana (25%) and Egypt (38%), South Africa had the strongest support for policy and governance (59%), indicating more effective digital strategies and equitable governance frameworks. Notwithstanding these advancements, typical issues, including tight finances, disjointed digital systems, and administrative roadblocks, persist in many countries and are especially severe in Ghana. These findings highlight the necessity of standardized digital regulations, investment in ICT infrastructure, and cooperative governance structures to promote fair academic partnerships. The findings provide actionable insights for university administrators and policymakers on strengthening ICT infrastructure, digital policies, and regional academic partnerships to promote equitable collaboration.</p>