Abstract
<title>Abstract</title> <p> <bold>Background</bold> : Retinal abnormalities have emerged as promising noninvasive indicators of early Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet the molecular relationship between retinal and hippocampal alterations remains insufficiently understood. <bold>Methods</bold> : The synchronized proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiling of the hippocampus and retina was performed in APP/PS1/MAPT transgenic mice. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), differentially phosphorylated peptides (DPPs), enriched pathways, and kinase perturbations were systematically analyzed to distinguish disease-related and age-related molecular patterns. <bold>Results</bold> : The retina displayed earlier and broader AD-related molecular alterations than the hippocampus. Retinal AD-related DEPs, DPPs and kinase perturbations were enriched in metabolic and molecular pathways, whereas hippocampal AD-related molecules were associated with synapse/axon/neuroactive ligand-related pathways. Two tissues shared a restricted set of dysregulated molecules, including RTN4, HDAC6 and PALS1_S84. <bold>Conclusion</bold> : This study establishes a synchronized dual-tissue, dual-omics framework for dissecting AD-related pathology and age-associated remodeling, providing a new insight into eye-brain molecular crosstalk and offering a theoretical basis for retina-based, noninvasive early diagnosis of AD. </p>