The Development of Self-Determined Vocational Readiness Among People with Mental Disabilities in Japan

<title>Abstract</title> <p>Introduction: While employment is crucial for self-actualization, people with mental disabilities often experience hesitation and conflict regarding work because of symptoms, stigma, and reduced self-efficacy. This study focused on the gap between self-concept and work image to clarify the process of establishing Self-Determined Vocational Readiness, conceptualized as subjective belief in one’s ability to “give work a try” and take action accordingly. Methods We conducted a qualitative text analysis of semi-structured interview data to generate the concepts of three themes: meaning of work, self-concept, and work image. Participants were categorized into three groups—Hesitation, Conflict, and Action—and compared using statistical methods to examine the structure of their Self-Determined Vocational Readiness. Results &amp; Discussion Participants felt a sense of helplessness regarding fixed work images influenced by social security systems and employment culture. They possessed two motivations—maintaining social relationships and a desire for autonomy—and their self-concept, meaning of work, and work image differed according to their stage (Hesitation, Conflict, or Action). The findings illustrate Self-Determined Vocational Readiness as a cyclical process in which a sense of incompetence is transformed into perceived competence through support from recovery partners and the reframing of real-life experiences, leading ultimately to action through an understanding of diverse work styles, workplaces, and individuals. We believe this study’s proposed model can bridge the gap between psychiatric and vocational rehabilitation.</p>