Abstract
<title>Abstract</title> <p>Background Supportive supervision (SS) has been shown as an effective approach for capacity building for healthcare providers, motivation, improving accountability, and the quality of health services. Use of digital tools has been shown to improve SS frequency, accountability, comprehensiveness, and consistency across primary healthcare (PHC) facilities. This study assessed the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of the Integrated Supportive Supervision (ISS) Checklist for primary healthcare facilities. Methods A parallel convergent mixed-method study was conducted across seven districts in four regions (Kigoma, Songwe, Mtwara, and Dar es Salaam) in Mainland Tanzania. Ninety-one health personnel completed the quantitative survey, and among them, 24 were invited to a Key Informant interview (KII). The quantitative questionnaire included the Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM), Feasibility (FIM), and Intervention Appropriateness (IAM). A semi-structured interview guide was used during KII. Quantitative data were analyzed using absolute numbers and percentages, while qualitative analysis employed thematic analysis. Results Among 91 survey respondents, 56.0% were female, 47.2% were aged 30–39 years, and 41.8% were nurses or midwives. Overall, respondents reported high levels of acceptability (93.2%), appropriateness (93.3%), and feasibility (95.1%) of the ISS Checklist for PHC. Qualitative findings complemented and contextualized the quantitative findings, highlighting the checklist’s comprehensiveness, alignment with national standards, compatibility with routine supervision workflows, and integration within the AfyaSS digital platform. Reported challenges included checklist length at lower-level facilities, internet connectivity constraints, and the need for additional user orientation. Conclusions The ISS Checklist for PHC was perceived as highly acceptable, appropriate, and feasible among healthcare providers and health managers in Tanzania. Integration within the AfyaSS platform enhances supervision standardization, accountability, and real-time use of data. Addressing contextual challenges and strengthening user capacity may facilitate successful national scale-up and long-term sustainability.</p>