Abstract
<title>Abstract</title> <p> <bold>Background</bold> An understanding of the approach healthcare professionals take toward medical errors and their reporting is central to achieving greater transparency, higher quality, and a safer healthcare sector. Reduction in adverse events and medical errors typically occurs with the development of a safe health sector. In most fields of medicine, such as diagnosis, surgery, and treatment of patients, medical errors are a common occurrence that leads to mortality and added expenses to individuals and health systems. <bold>Objective</bold> To assess medical error reporting practice and associated factors among obstetrics and gynecology residents, fellows, and consultants in teaching hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. <bold>Methods</bold> An institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed, and all Obstetricians, Gynecologists and residents at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Seniors at Zewuditu Memorial Hospital, Ghandi Memorial Hospital and Yekatit 12 hospital were included in the study. A self-administered structured questionnaire written in English was used to collect data. The data was entered, cleaned, and analysed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics for categorical data will be presented in terms of frequency, and variables with a p-value less than 0.20 from the univariable logistic regression analysis were included in the final multivariable analysis model. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval and a P-value of 0.05 will be used as statistically significant for the outcome variable. <bold>Results</bold> Only 20% of participants demonstrated good error reporting practices. Among the ten dimensions of patient safety culture assessed, non-punitive response to error had the highest positive response (78.4%). Conversely, the frequency of events reported had the lowest positive response (20%), and the report rules content and staffing were also poorly rated. Multivariate analysis revealed that female healthcare providers were substantially more likely than men to report mistakes (AOR = 5.2, 95% CI: 2.24–12.09, <italic>p</italic> < 0.001), and a positive teamwork culture was associated with a higher likelihood of reporting (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.11–6.76, <italic>p</italic> = 0.03). <bold>Conclusion</bold> Healthcare organizations should put a high priority on creating a psychologically safe workplace by encouraging open communication, enforcing a non-punitive response to errors, and bolstering a culture of teamwork in order to improve medical error reporting. </p>