Abstract
<title>Abstract</title> <p> Periodontitis remains a major clinical challenge due to its multifactorial pathology involving microbial dysbiosis, oxidative stress, and tissue degradation. To address this issue, the present study introduces a multifunctional biodegradable hydrogel membrane designed for periodontal regeneration, integrating antioxidant, antibacterial, and bioactive features. The fabricated membrane contains chitosan and gelatin (or gallic acid-grafted gelatin), loaded with synthesized 45S5 bioactive glass doped with silver (Ag⁺) and strontium (Sr²⁺). The uniform elemental distribution and successful incorporation of functional ions were confirmed by SEM, EDX, XRD, and FTIR analyses. FTIR and ¹H-NMR analyses were employed to verify successful covalent gallic acid conjugation on gelatin. Structural and morphological characterizations using SEM, EDX, and elemental mapping revealed uniform pore architecture and homogenous distribution of bioactive components. DPPH radical scavenging assay demonstrated significantly enhanced intrinsic antioxidant capacity in gallic acid-modified groups (up to 75%). Bioactive glass incorporation resulted in ion-releasing and mineral-inducing behavior, as confirmed by SEM, XRD, and ICP analyses post-immersion in simulated body fluid. Physicochemical evaluations showed decreased porosity and swelling with increasing bioactive glass content, while degradation profiles indicated improved structural stability. <italic>In vitro</italic> assays using hPDL cells confirmed excellent cytocompatibility and revealed enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition, especially in dual-functional scaffolds. These findings showed that the fabricated composite scaffold can be a promising candidate for advanced periodontal regeneration in oxidative and infection-prone environments. </p>