Abstract
<jats:p>Iron–air batteries (IABs) represent a novel energy storage system based on the iron redox reaction. They offer several advantages such as high energy density (≈ 200 Wh kg−1), environmental friendliness, and low cost, with broad application prospects in large-scale long-duration energy storage, peak-valley power regulation, and emergency power supply. However, hydrogen evolution side reactions easily occur during IAB charging, reducing Coulombic efficiency. Additionally, passivation of the iron anode limits reaction kinetics and cycle life. Thermal imbalance in air batteries also reduces stability. Existing research has addressed these issues by focusing on optimizing electrolyte compositions, additives, structural stability of the iron anode, and material design. We systematically review the progress and application of IABs as energy storage devices in the steel industry, with a systematic outlook on future research directions and applications.</jats:p>