Scientific Works for Hire in Civil Law

<jats:p>The article examines the civil-law treatment of scientific results created by employees of universities and research institutions. The term “employee-created scientific result” is used as an umbrella concept because the Civil Code does not establish a single protected object under this name. The article considers employee-created works and inventions, software, databases and know-how, focusing on their connection with employment duties and an employer’s assignment. The legal regime of a result should be determined before publication, patenting or transfer to a customer.</jats:p>