Abstract
<jats:p>Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. Timely detection of clinically significant prostate cancer remains one of the key tasks of healthcare, while minimizing overdiagnosis of clinically insignificant prostate cancer, thereby avoiding overtreatment and resource waste. In recent decades, significant progress has been made in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, primarily due to the introduction of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and targeted biopsy. The sensitivity of targeted biopsy in detecting an index lesion exceeds 90%. However, systematic biopsy remains an important addition, as it helps detect 5% to 16% of clinically significant prostate cancer cases that may be missed when performing a targeted biopsy only. The utility of performing a systematic prostate biopsy when a lesion is detected on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging remains a controversial issue. The results of most of the above procedures do not convincingly exclude the need for this biopsy. Of note, the conditions for performing multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, the approaches and experience of urologists in performing biopsies, and the expertise of pathologists vary across different medical institutions. Centralized performance of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, prostate biopsy, and pathomorphological examination at expert centers is essential to improve the timely diagnosis and treatment of clinically significant prostate cancer.</jats:p>