Psychophysiological indicators of adaptation to the academic load in first-graders with different functional states of polymodal perception

<jats:p>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Context and relevance.&lt;/strong&gt; The adaptation process with the beginning of schooling requires the mobilization of the child's reserve forces. Not all first-graders adapt to schooling as normal, within 5&amp;ndash;6 weeks. The timing of the formation of compensatory-adaptive mechanisms to the academic load depends on various factors, including sufficient maturation of organs and systems of the body, among which the functional state of polymodal perception, which is the basis for the development of all higher cognitive functions, is of great importance.&lt;strong&gt; Objective.&lt;/strong&gt; The aim is to study psychophysiological indicators of adaptation in first-graders and to identify the influence of the functional state of polymodal perception on the level of formation of compensatory-adaptive mechanisms to the academic load. &lt;strong&gt;Hypothesis.&lt;/strong&gt; A harmonious functional profile of polymodal perception has a positive effect, while disharmonious profiles have a negative effect on the degree of neuropsychic stress, which is an indicator of the level of formation of compensatory-adaptive mechanisms to the academic load of first-graders. &lt;strong&gt;Methods and materials.&lt;/strong&gt; The study involved 94 first-graders (47 boys and 47 girls) from comprehensive schools. The average age was 7,38 &amp;plusmn; 0,16 years. The functional profile of polymodal perception was established using the technique of I.Yu. Murashova. The level of emotional and somatic tension in the academic load was studied, firstly, by recording the electrical activity of the skin in acupuncture (at the control measurement point related to the peripheral and central nervous system in the meridian of nervous degeneration "Nd-1b" according to the atlas of the topography of BAT R. Voll) using the certified hardware and software complex "Acceptor 6K-2024", made in the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the APK). Secondly, by the method of body thermometry, which was carried out using the AND DN-635 contact thermometer, certified in the Russian Federation, made in Japan. The level of cognitive activity in the academic load was studied by recording sensorimotor reactions: reactions to a moving object, simple and complex visual-motor reactions, these measurements were also made using the APC. Based on the collected information on emotional-somatic tension and cognitive activity, the degree of neuropsychic stress was revealed, indicating the level of formation of compensatory-adaptive mechanisms to the academic load. &lt;strong&gt;Results.&lt;/strong&gt; It was established that a harmonious PV profile is a predictor of the optimal level of compensatory-adaptive mechanisms to the academic load, while disharmonious profiles are a predictor of a low level of compensatory-adaptive mechanisms to the academic load. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions.&lt;/strong&gt; It is shown that studying and psychoregulation of the functional state of polymodal perception in first-graders, on the one hand, will increase the possibilities of assimilation of program material, on the other hand, it will improve the adaptive mechanisms to the academic load. To improve the psychophysiological indicators of adaptation to the academic load with first-graders who have disharmonious profiles of polymodal perception, the school psychologist is recommended to conduct targeted work on the psychoregulation of their functional disharmonious states: directly, with children in psychocorrectional classes, and also indirectly, with teachers.&lt;/p&gt;</jats:p>