Indirect Immunofluorescence (IFA) for Viral Antigen Detection v1

<p>A protocol for indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) to detect viral antigens in infected cell monolayers or tissue sections using virus-specific primary antibodies and fluorochrome-conjugated secondary antibodies. Covers cell infection, fixation, permeabilization, antibody staining, and fluorescence microscopy imaging. Protocol developed by abinScience / AtaGenix Technical Team. Indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) is a standard method for confirming viral infection, determining viral tropism, and evaluating antiviral interventions in cell culture. The assay uses a virus-specific primary antibody to bind intracellular or surface viral antigens, followed by a fluorochrome-conjugated secondary antibody for visualization. This protocol is optimized for common veterinary and human pathogen targets including PEDV (porcine epidemic diarrhea virus), SFTSV (severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus), CHIKV (chikungunya virus), ASFV (African swine fever virus), and other enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. It is applicable to both adherent and suspension cell lines.</p>