Neurosurgical Pathology

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>This chapter outlines the manifestations of cerebral disease, emphasizing clinical localization through history, progression, and examination, and linking neurological deficits to specific functions of the frontal lobes, parietal lobes, occipital lobes, and temporal lobes. It summarizes major central nervous system pathology, including intracranial malignancy classified as intra-axial and extra-axial tumours, with discussion of gliomas, metastases, meningiomas, and pituitary lesions alongside their diagnostic features and management approaches. The chapter examines intracranial vascular disorders such as aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, angiomas, strokes, and traumatic haemorrhages, detailing mechanisms, clinical presentations, and diagnostic strategies. It explains disorders of cerebrospinal fluid flow, including obstructive hydrocephalus, communicating hydrocephalus, normal pressure hydrocephalus, and benign intracranial hypertension, together with management and shunt-related complications and congenital anomalies. Finally, the chapter addresses intracranial infections, describing routes of spread, clinical features, imaging strategies, and emphasizing urgent antimicrobial therapy and surgical intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality.</jats:p>