Brain arteriovenous malformations

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>This chapter provides a detailed review of brain arteriovenous malformations, covering their epidemiology, presentation, imaging, classification, natural history, treatment indications, and interventional techniques. It begins by describing clinical features such as haemorrhage, seizures, and focal neurological deficits, and explores factors influencing haemorrhagic risk. Imaging modalities including magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, computed tomography angiography, and digital subtraction angiography are described, with detailing on diagnostic features and follow-up protocols. The common classification systems such as Spetzler–Martin and Lawton–Young are outlined. Treatment strategies are presented for ruptured and unruptured arteriovenous malformations, including surgical, radiosurgical, and endovascular approaches. Technical considerations are provided for embolisation techniques including targeted treatment of aneurysms and fistulas, palliative strategies, and embocure. Transvenous approaches and pre-radiosurgical embolisation are also reviewed. The chapter includes detailed discussion of complications, catheter and embolic materials, and special cases such as vein of Galen malformations. A final section addresses the principles, planning, indications, and outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery.</jats:p>