Migraine and Headache Disorders in Women

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Headache and migraine are the most common neurological disorders in the world and are much more common in women than in men, being observed with a prevalence of three to four times higher. The global prevalence of migraine is around 20.7% in women and 9.7% in men, indicating a sex-related disease distribution. Changes in female sex hormones, in particular estrogen, are key factors that influence migraine predisposition, severity, and chronic disease during women’s life. Recent progress in the understanding of migraine pathophysiology, such as neurovascular mechanisms and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathways, has contributed to the development of targeted therapies and improved outcomes in women.</jats:p>