Infographic shows the layered stack of computer systems from application software down to physics.The image shows an Infographic about the computer system stack, arranged as a vertical sequence of labeled horizontal bands read from top to bottom. It shows how higher level software depends on lower level hardware and physical layers. From top to bottom, the bands are labeled "Application Software" with a small callout showing text greater than "Hello world!", "Operating Systems" with a laptop icon, "Architecture" with a block grid icon, "Micro architecture" with two blocks with opposing arrows between them, "Logic" block with a plus sign, "Digital Circuits" with logic gate icon, "Analog Circuits" with operational amplifier icon with plus and minus inputs, "Devices" with transistor symbol and "Physics" with atom icon.Bus Interface
Authors: David Harris, James Stine, Rose Thompson et al.
Publication: RISC-V System-on-Chip Design
Published: Jan 1, 2027
Source: Crossref
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Infographic showing the layered hierarchy of computer systems from application software down to physics.This infographic presents a top-to-bottom stack that explains how higher-level software depends on lower-level hardware and physical principles. The sections, in reading order from top to bottom, are: Application Software, Operating Systems, Architecture, Microarchitecture, Logic, Digital Circuits, Analog Circuits, Devices and Physics. Application Software includes a small code-style callout that reads greater than "hello world!". Operating Systems is paired with a laptop icon to represent the computer environment that runs applications. Architecture is illustrated with a block-like layout suggesting system organization. Microarchitecture is shown with two vertical blocks connected by two-way arrows, indicating internal data movement between components. Logic is represented by a rectangular logic block containing a plus sign. Digital Circuits is paired with a logic gate icon. Analog Circuits is paired with an operational amplifier symbol that includes plus and minus inputs. Devices is paired with a transistor-like schematic symbol. Physics is paired with an atom icon, indicating the physical foundation underlying electronic devices.Linux
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Read MoreA hierarchical diagram illustrating the layers of computer systems from physics to application software.The initial stage is depicted by physics with a flower symbol. Above it is Devices, depicted with a transistor symbol. Next is Analog Circuits, shown with an operational amplifier symbol. Digital Circuits follow, represented by a logic gate symbol. Logic is next, illustrated with a plus sign and lines. Micro-architecture is depicted with arrows and blocks. Architecture is represented by three horizontal bars. Operating Systems are shown with a laptop icon. At the top is Application Software, represented by the text '>"hello world!"'.Pipelined Core
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Read MoreA hierarchical diagram illustrating the layers of computer systems from physics to application software.The initial stage is depicted by physics with a flower symbol. Above it is Devices, depicted with a transistor symbol. Next is Analog Circuits, shown with an operational amplifier symbol. Digital Circuits follow, represented by a logic gate symbol. Logic is next, illustrated with a plus sign and lines. Micro-architecture is depicted with arrows and blocks. Architecture is represented by three horizontal bars. Operating Systems are shown with a laptop icon. At the top is Application Software, represented by the text '>"hello world!"'.Extensions: A (Atomic)
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Read MoreA hierarchical diagram illustrating the layers of computer systems from physics to application software.The initial stage is depicted by physics with a flower symbol. Above it is Devices, depicted with a transistor symbol. Next is Analog Circuits, shown with an operational amplifier symbol. Digital Circuits follow, represented by a logic gate symbol. Logic is next, illustrated with a plus sign and lines. Micro-architecture is depicted with arrows and blocks. Architecture is represented by three horizontal bars. Operating Systems are shown with a laptop icon. At the top is Application Software, represented by the text "hello world!".Extensions: M (Multiply and Divide)
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