Abstract
<jats:p>The estimation of nutritional requirements should aim to be individualised, evidence‐based and reviewed at clinically relevant intervals. When formulating a nutritional plan, individual requirements should be documented at baseline and reviewed at each stage of the patient's illness. In healthy individuals, total energy expenditure (TEE) comprises basal metabolic rate, thermogenesis and physical activity. Energy requirements are influenced by habitual physical activity, and this is the most variable aspect of TEE. Adequate protein consumption is important for assisting energy metabolism, cellular processes and the immune system. Recommended fluid requirements in ‘healthy’ individuals are 25–35 mL/kgBW/day based on a body mass index within ‘healthy’ range. Trace elements and vitamins, known together as micronutrients, are essential for human metabolism. Once the risk of re‐feeding syndrome has been determined, there are published regimens for managing patients at risk of re‐feeding syndrome.</jats:p>