Scaling Smarter: Cloud‐Native Software Engineering with Multi‐Tenancy, Containerization, and Microservices

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>This survey explores key architectural paradigms and practices that enable intelligent scaling and enhanced resilience in contemporary software engineering within cloud environments. It begins by elucidating fundamental cloud computing models – private, public, and hybrid – setting the stage for understanding modern deployment strategies. The core of the discussion delves into cloud‐native architecture, emphasizing its principles of building applications designed to thrive in dynamic cloud infrastructures. Central to this is the concept of containerization, which standardizes application packaging for portability and efficient resource utilization, and its orchestration through platforms like Kubernetes. Furthermore, the article examines multi‐tenancy as a design approach for shared infrastructure serving multiple isolated customers, fostering cost efficiency and scalability. Finally, it details microservices architecture, a method of decomposing applications into independent, loosely coupled services, which significantly enhances agility, fault isolation, and independent scalability. Collectively, these interconnected concepts form the bedrock of robust, adaptable, and high‐performing cloud‐native software systems.</jats:p>